Histogram
A histogram is a graphical representation of all the tones of an image. The purpose of a histogram is to evaluate an image. A good histogram should have smooth hills and slope down at both ends.

Examples of Poor Histograms
Clipping- spikes in shadow or highlight from extreme contrast
(Highlight and shadow detail will be lost, rescan)
Combing or Gapping – Spikes throughout the image
(Banding will occur, rescan)
Spaces in shadow or highlight- extremely flat image
(Will cause combing when corrected, rescan)